Cách xây dựng PC: Hướng dẫn từng bước



Intel MotherboardSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
The most crucial part to get right is picking parts that do what you want and work with each other. Choosing wrong or incompatible parts may cause issues, damage to other components, or require time for returning said products to retailers. In short, we'll need a CPU, GPU, RAM, motherboard, and some storage to complete the barebones checklist.
Looking inside a PC case can reveal a mess of electronics to someone who doesn't know what does what. Fear not, as we've got you covered when it comes to picking the right parts. Check out our best guides for each component and then check for incompatibilities using our brief checklist below.

Products used in this guide

Trường hợp tốt nhất
CPU tốt nhất (bộ làm mát CPU tốt nhất)
PSU tốt nhất
Bo mạch chủ tốt nhất
RAM tốt nhất
GPU tốt nhất
GPU tốt nhất cho game thủ
SSD tốt nhất

Compatability

GPUsSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
Here's what you'll need to build a PC:
  • Case: Cases come in different form factors, depending on the size of PC you wish to build. Less important overall.
  • PSU: Needs to supply enough stable power (500W is usually an excellent value to start with).
  • CPU: You have the choice of AMD and Intel for desktop processors. Take a look at our best guide and note the sockets they use as you'll need to match the socket for the motherboard.
  • Motherboard: A motherboard simply needs to match the same socket type of the CPU. Chipset and other features are all down to pricing and preference.
  • RAM: Faster frequencies and lower latencies generally mean better the RAM, though you'll need to make sure your motherboard can support the same clock speed, or it'll be limited. Most new boards support DDR4.
  • Storage: Entirely down to personal requirements, though we always recommend an SSD for installing Windows.
  • GPU: This is optional and is only really needed if you plan to do some gaming or intensive workloads. In that case, spend as much as you can.
But wait! Even after double and triple-checking that everything will place nicely together, it's recommended you use an automated tool that checks entered components against a database to confirm that there are no conflicts. It's worth firing up PC Part Picker, entering in all your components, and then checking everything over.
Not only does the website allow for comparison between other options available — potentially allowing for even more savings to be made — it will also provide warnings for any issues detected. After a few PC builds, you'll be able to tell components apart by just looking at the specs and streamline this process without using such websites.

Trusted tools

The bare essentials you'll need to build a PC including the following:
  • Toolkit.
  • LED light source.
  • Flat workspace (no carpet).
  • Anti-static mat.
  • Anti-static wristband.
  • Magnetic parts tray.
  • Free workspace (never use carpet).
Anti-static WristbandSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central

Build it better

We've arranged this guide in an order that makes sense for most builds, though it may not be optimal for every PC. You'll need to check the layout and see which components will need to be installed first, but usually, the power supply is the best way to go. You'll first want to put aside the box/bag of screws that come with the case as we'll need these for the steps ahead.

Case

Phanteks P400S

Great all-rounder case that offers excellent value.
Phanteks is one of the top-rated case makers around for a good reason. The company makes some exceptional PC hardware, and the P400S is not only great to look at, but comes rocking handy features to make building a PC a little bit easier.
When putting together a new PC, you'll need a case that looks good, is sturdy enough to hold everything inside, has ample features like dust filtering and cable management, and doesn't break your budget. This sums up the Phanteks P400S perfectly.

Installing the PSU

The PSU is the most critical component of any PC. It provides the juice required for all the computing magic to take place. Depending on the case you've purchased, we'll need to install the unit with the fan facing up or down. To determine which is most optimal, check if you have a vent at the bottom of the case. If so, face the PSU fan downwards.
  1. Slide the PSU into the mounting area with the fan facing up or down.
  2. Screw in bundled screws (should come with the case) in the four holes at the rear of the case.
  3. Ensure the unit is switched off using the rear switch.
  4. Plug the PSU into a power socket to ground the PC.
  5. Bind all the power cables coming out of the PSU together and put them to one side.
PSUSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
Depending on the PSU you've purchased, it may be one of the following:
  • Fully modular: No cables are permanently connected to the PSU.
  • Semi-modular: Some cables are permanently fixed, usually ATX and CPU power.
  • Non-modular: Every cable is connected and cannot be removed from the PSU.
Fully and semi-modular PSUs are easiest to work with as you'll have an easier time making sure all cables look neat and tidy.

PSU

NZXT E500

Stable, reliable, affordable power.
NZXT has ventured into making more than just cases. The company has a motherboard you can mod easily and now a line-up of PSUs. Usually, you wouldn't expect the first generation of power supplies to be excellent, but NZXT teamed up with renowned PSU maker Seasonic.
The PSU is the most critical component inside your PC case. It's what provides power to all other components and, as such, should be able to supply a reliable current. NZXT uses the Seasonic PSU platform, which is one of the best available, throwing in some cool features like CAM software support and live monitoring.

Installing the CPU

We can now insert the CPU into the motherboard. This is a super-easy process, regardless as to whether you're rocking an AMD or Intel chip.
  1. Unpack the motherboard from its packaging.
  2. Place the motherboard atop its cardboard box. (It's safe here. Never place on carpet.)
  3. Open the CPU latch.
  4. Remove the plastic cap. Keep this safe, just in case you need to return the motherboard to the manufacturer.
  5. Insert the CPU, matching notches and indicators to the socket. (Do not apply pressure, it should lie flush without force.)
  6. Close the latch to secure the CPU. (This step will require some amount of pressure.)
Intel CPU PasteSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
Now we can use the thermal paste and attach the CPU cooler to complete everything processor-related. Depending on the cooler you've purchased, you may have a layer of thermal paste already applied. If not, we'll need to do this before installing the cooler. (Tip: less is more.)
Especially with aftermarket coolers — both water and air — you'll need to pay close attention to the manual that comes with the product. This is why it's better to do all these steps with the motherboard outside the PC case for easier handling.

CPU

AMD Ryzen 5 3600X

A stunning performance from AMD.
AMD's Ryzen 5 3600X is a fantastic processor for most consumers. It's not too expensive but is more than capable of gaming and other intensive tasks. And because all AMD CPUs are unlocked, you'll be able to extract even more performance, though you'll need to replace the included stock cooler.
After many years of falling behind Intel, AMD has come leaps and bounds with Ryzen, and this latest generation is even better. There has never been a better time to hop over to team red, and the Ryzen 5 3600X is the perfect entry point for most PCs.

Installing the RAM

RAMSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
RAM is a sensitive component and, as such, should be handled with care. It's recommended that contact is avoided with the contact pins on the underside of each module. The RAM slots on a motherboard are located to the right of the CPU. Do check the motherboard manual as to which RAM slots are to be used, depending on how many sticks you have.
  1. Unclip the RAM locks on the motherboard module slots.
  2. Match the RAM module notches to those found in the slots on the motherboard.
  3. Insert the module carefully, using light even force across the stick.
    RAMSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
  4. After it inserts into the slot, push down on either side of the RAM module until it securely clicks into place.

RAM

G.Skill TridentZ RGB Series 16GB

Smart RAM with RGBs.
G.Skill TridentZ RAM modules not only perform well with satisfactory latency, frequency, and capacity; they also look pretty awesome with built-in RGB lighting. Yes, you can now have your RAM modules glow in the dark. Soon cables themselves will have RGB ... Oh, they already have LED cable combs, don't they?
It's vital to choose RAM that will be best matched with the motherboard and CPU, and this 3200MHz kit is excellent for the Ryzen 5 3600X and MSI X470 board. There's also room for some tuning at a later date when you need a little more from your system memory.

Installing the moterboard

With the CPU, the cooler, and RAM modules installed, the motherboard is ready to be screwed to the backplate inside the case. First, we need to install the I/O shield, a long piece of metal that has cutouts for all the rear ports and connections. This is optional, but recommended accessory helps provide electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection.
  1. Place the I/O shield to the rear cutout in the PC case and click into place. (This can be super-fiddly.)
  2. Hover the motherboard atop the backplate to see where standoffs need to be screwed in. Different sizes need different holes.
    Standoffs are the screws that are installed on the motherboard backplate, which then allows the motherboard to rest atop them and for screws to secure the board. Some cases have them pre-installed.
  3. Install the standoffs for the motherboard, if not already pre-installed. (Some backplates may feature ATX labels next to holes to guide you.)
  4. Lower the motherboard onto the standoffs.
    MotherboardSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
  5. Tighten the screws, but do not overtighten them — just enough to secure the board in place.
  6. Check the sides of the motherboard by lightly pulling to make sure every inch has been secured.

Motherboard

MSI MPG X570 Gaming Plus

Ryzen up again.
The MSI MPG X570 Gaming Plus is a reliable option, supporting up to 64GB 3200MHz DDR RAM, the latest Ryzen processors, and coming with the range-topping X570 chipset. This board supports fast networking, armored PCIe slots, and MSI's RGB lighting system.
Motherboards allow for the CPU, memory, storage, GPU, and all other components to communicate with one another, and MSI's MPG X570 Gaming Plus is a great solution. It's reliable, houses premium parts, has a ton of features, and a solid UEFI setup that allows you to overclock your system easily.

Installing storage drives

SSDSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
Storage drives are essential devices that hold not only the operating system but also all programs, personal media, and all other data. It's recommended to use an SSD (be it M.2 or 2.5-inch) drive for the primary OS partition, which enables for quick booting and reliable performance. Data can be stored on traditional (3.5-inch) mechanical drives.
Depending on the case and how drive bays are configured, M.2, 2.5- and 3.5-inch drives may be able to be installed at the same points or using dedicated brackets. Be sure to double-check the PC case manual. We'll go over how your PC case may have both configured below.

M.2 SSD

  1. Unscrew and remove the M.2 SSD plate.
  2. Install a standoff for the M.2 module, if not already installed.
  3. Place the M.2 drive atop of the slot and secure it with a screw.
  4. Re-install the M.2 plate.

2.5-inch SSD

  1. Take the SSD bracket and attach the drive to it, lining up the screw holes.
  2. Screw in the drive using appropriate screws.
  3. Attach the bracket and secure it to the case.

3.5-inch HDD

  1. Extract the HDD bracket from one of the bays.
  2. Slide the mechanical drive into the bracket.
  3. Secure the drive to said bracket using screws or screwless mechanism.
  4. Slide the bracket and drive back into the bay.

SSD

Samsung 970 EVO Plus 500GB

Insane performance at an affordable price.
Samsung has long been at the forefront of the SSD market, and its latest is certainly the greatest, with an incredible performance backed up with a great warranty and reliability.
Since the MSI motherboard we selected has M.2 support, we can opt for a super-fast SSD. Samsung's latest 970 EVO Plus is incredibly fast, perfect for both Windows 10 and games. With 500GB, you'll be able to install the OS and then a few programs and games too, though if your budget can stretch it, we'd always recommend installing games on a different drive to the OS.

Plugging everything in

With all significant components now installed, it's time to hook everything up to the power supply and motherboard. Generally speaking, it's best to start with the power to the motherboard itself.
  • Motherboard: The PSU has two cables for the board: 24-pin ATX and 8-pin CPU. Route these behind the backplate, using available grommets and cutouts.
  • Storage drives: Most SSDs and HDDs today use SATA connectors. These are 15-pin flat connectors with a dip on one side to prevent plugging them in the wrong way. Route these from the PSU to the drive bays and mounts, using more than one lead from the PSU if required.
PSU CableSource: Rich Edmonds / Windows Central
Next, we need to connect the storage drives to the motherboard, using SATA data cables. These are mostly smaller versions of their power siblings that carry data instead. The motherboard usually has SATA ports located to the lower-left hand-side. It doesn't matter which ports are used. Much like the power cables, route these through cut-outs and grommets to the drive bays and mounts.
We now have power to our storage drives and the motherboard, as well as data channels between drives and the main board. All that's left is to connect front panel I/O and other optional connectors (front panel USB, HD audio, etc.). Connecting the front panel I/O, which includes the power switch, reset switch, HDD activity LED, and power LED can be a tricky step.
These pins stand up from the motherboard, which requires a careful approach when plugging in the small connectors. The motherboard manual should provide information as to the layout of these pins and what they correspond to - though usually the below layout is used:
Location: Việt Nam

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